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James Knight (''ca.'' 1640 – ''ca.'' 1720) was a director of the Hudson's Bay Company and an explorer who died in an expedition to the Northwest Passage. Knight was born in England and joined the Hudson's Bay Company in 1676 as a carpenter. In 1682, he became Chief Factor of the trading post of Fort Albany in James Bay where he became rich. In 1697, he bought stock in the HBC, and in 1711, he gained a seat on the board of directors. The long wars of the Grand Alliance and the Spanish Succession between England and France had spread to North America and battered the Hudson's Bay Company financially and logistically. Four of the company's five trading posts were lost to the French; Knight led an expedition in 1693 that successfully recaptured Fort Albany, the only one retained by the English. However, among the provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 was the restoration of the captured posts. In 1714, Knight was sent out to take possession of York Factory and restore the company's fortunes. Despite the damage to the fort from the French occupation, and the hardships of the climate, he succeeded in rebuilding the company's business, and in 1719, it paid its first dividend in 20 years. ==The Northwest Passage expedition== Knight was determined to find the Northwest Passage, a then-hypothetical route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Canadian North. A Chipewyan interpreter, working for Knight, told him of a possible, mineral-rich route across the north. Knight outfitted two ships, the ''Albany'' with Capt. George Berley and the ''Discovery'' with Capt David Vaughan, to search for this route, setting off in 1719. They never returned.〔(Exploration, the Fur Trade: James Knight )〕 In 1721, Captain Knight and his crew were on Marble Island, located 32 km from today's Rankin Inlet.〔(Municipality of Rakin Islet )〕 It is possible the ships encountered the shallows of the local waters and were wrecked, although they were able to successfully offload large quantities of coal, several cannons and provisions. There is evidence of interaction with the local Inuit, but by 1722 Knight and his crew were reported to have perished from sickness and famine. Apparently, the Hudson's Bay Company post at Churchill, Manitoba was completely unaware of the shipwreck, as no search or rescue expedition was ever sent. The ruins of Knight's settlement on Marble Island was discovered in 1768 by company explorer Samuel Hearne.〔(Great Canadian Explorers: James Knight )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Knight (explorer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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